Reconstructions at Chrons M10Ny and M0. Model A (a, b) produces large fracture zone offsets, Model B (c, d) aligns fracture zones and magnetic anomalies. Heavy black lines are isochrons, chain-line on (a) and (b) is isochron on Antarctic plate. Mozambique ridge fixed to Africa (gray, overlaps onto Antarctica at M10Ny (c)), and on an independent microplate (stipled, no overlap (c)). In (a) and (b), Madagascar lies west of Gunnerus ridge, which is inconsistent with fracture zone and magnetic anomaly constraints. Fracture zones are gray lines, continental shelf (1000 m contour) is dotted line, relevant plateaus and tectonic ridges are shaded gray. Magnetic anomaly symbols are identified on figure.

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